NFunctional integration theory 

Factors influencing the retention of employees 

 ( JOB Embeddeness )

• What do we mean by functional integration

The theory of job integration is defined as the set of forces that affect an employee and push him to stay at work, whether these forces are related to the work environment or the area in which he lives . The theory of job integration can be distinguished from the concept of job dropout in that the focus of the theory of job integration is focused on all the factors that keep the employee in his job instead of the psychological factors that push the employee to resign .

• What are the types of functional integration

Functional integration is divided into two main parts :

The first section includes all the links and forces that form between the employee and the work environment ( On-job embeddedness)

The second section includes all the connections and forces that are formed between the employee and the area where he lives (Off-job embeddedness ).

Section one / factors related to the work environment ( On-job embeddedness )

This first type is divided into three sections :

• Relationships with colleagues and supervisors within the work environment, denoted by( LINKS )
• Convenience and compatibility with others within the work environment, which is symbolized by ( FIT )
• The material loss that may occur to the employee in the event of leaving the job, which is symbolized by B (Sacrifice )

The second type ( Off-job embeddedness ) is divided into three sections :

• Relationships with others within the area in which the employee lives and is denoted by( LINKS )
• Convenience and compatibility with others within the area in which the employee lives, which is denoted by (B ) FIT )
• The material loss that may occur to the employee if he leaves the area where he lives, which is denoted by B (Sacrifice ).

Types of functional integration :

What do we mean by LINKS on-job within the work environment .

These are the bonds that are formed between the employee and co-workers or supervisors within the work . 

What do we mean by LINKS off-job within the area where the employee lives .

These are the links that are formed through the employee's relationship with friends outside the work permit by forming a social or family network in the area where the employee lives . Also, the employee's joining some charitable, social or religious organizations contributes to the employee's association with the area in which he lives, and the employee's participation in sports clubs within the area may enhance the employee's Association in the area in which he lives . 

What do we mean by convenience and compatibility between the employee and the work environment ( FIT - on job ) 

These are the links that are formed between the employee and the work environment as a result of the adaptation of the employee's professional values and goals to the company's environment and culture .

What do we mean by convenience and compatibility between the employee and the area where the employee lives (FIT-off job ) 

These are the links that are formed between the employee and the area where the employee lives, through the suitability of the general climate of the employee, such as the weather or the comfort of the area or the recreational activities in the area where the employee lives, and the level of security in the area also helps in the growth of ties between the employee and the area where he lives . 

What do we mean by the expected loss of an employee if he leaves work (Sacrifice on-job )

These are the financial and material advantages that an employee may lose if he leaves work .

What do we mean by the expected loss of an employee if he leaves the area where he lives (Sacrifice off-job )

These are the financial or material advantages that an employee may lose if he leaves the area where he lives, such as the presence of high-quality schools for children with appropriate prices, low housing rents . 

What is the importance of the theory of functional integration of human resources employees

Through the application of the theory of functional integration, it is possible to design and develop human resources practices that develop links between the employee and the work environment or the region in which he lives . Recruitment specialists can choose the right candidates based on the knowledge of the links between the employee and the area where he lives, HR specialists can also develop career balance policies between the work environment and the employee's private life . 

What is the importance of maintaining employees

One of the most important reasons that employers pay to keep their employees can be identified as follows :

• Reduce the costs associated with employment.
• Raising staff morale
• Enhancing staff expertise 
• Raising the efficiency of training 
• Raising the level of employee productivity
• Improve the mental image of customers 
• Increase the size of the material yield .
• Raising the level of job satisfaction among employees .